{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "710e0279", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "import tkinter as tk\n", "import random\n", "\n", "\n", "# =========================\n", "# 游戏参数\n", "# =========================\n", "WINDOW_WIDTH = 600\n", "WINDOW_HEIGHT = 400\n", "CELL_SIZE = 20\n", "GAME_SPEED = 120 # 数值越小，蛇移动越快\n", "\n", "BACKGROUND_COLOR = \"black\"\n", "SNAKE_COLOR = \"lime\"\n", "SNAKE_HEAD_COLOR = \"green\"\n", "FOOD_COLOR = \"red\"\n", "\n", "\n", "class SnakeGame:\n", " def __init__(self, root):\n", " self.root = root\n", " self.root.title(\"贪吃蛇游戏\")\n", " self.root.resizable(False, False)\n", "\n", " # 显示分数\n", " self.score_label = tk.Label(\n", " root,\n", " text=\"得分：0\",\n", " font=(\"Microsoft YaHei\", 16)\n", " )\n", " self.score_label.pack()\n", "\n", " # 创建游戏画布\n", " self.canvas = tk.Canvas(\n", " root,\n", " width=WINDOW_WIDTH,\n", " height=WINDOW_HEIGHT,\n", " bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR,\n", " highlightthickness=0\n", " )\n", " self.canvas.pack()\n", "\n", " # 操作说明\n", " self.help_label = tk.Label(\n", " root,\n", " text=\"方向键控制移动｜空格键暂停｜Enter 键重新开始\",\n", " font=(\"Microsoft YaHei\", 11)\n", " )\n", " self.help_label.pack(pady=5)\n", "\n", " # 绑定键盘事件\n", " self.root.bind(\"\", self.change_direction)\n", "\n", " self.timer_id = None\n", " self.start_game()\n", "\n", " def start_game(self):\n", " \"\"\"初始化游戏\"\"\"\n", " if self.timer_id is not None:\n", " self.root.after_cancel(self.timer_id)\n", " self.timer_id = None\n", "\n", " self.canvas.delete(\"all\")\n", "\n", " self.score = 0\n", " self.direction = \"Right\"\n", " self.next_direction = \"Right\"\n", " self.is_running = True\n", " self.is_paused = False\n", "\n", " # 蛇的初始位置\n", " start_x = WINDOW_WIDTH // 2\n", " start_y = WINDOW_HEIGHT // 2\n", "\n", " self.snake = [\n", " (start_x, start_y),\n", " (start_x - CELL_SIZE, start_y),\n", " (start_x - 2 * CELL_SIZE, start_y)\n", " ]\n", "\n", " self.food = self.create_food()\n", " self.score_label.config(text=\"得分：0\")\n", "\n", " self.update_game()\n", "\n", " def create_food(self):\n", " \"\"\"随机生成食物，避免生成在蛇身体上\"\"\"\n", " while True:\n", " x = random.randrange(0, WINDOW_WIDTH, CELL_SIZE)\n", " y = random.randrange(0, WINDOW_HEIGHT, CELL_SIZE)\n", "\n", " if (x, y) not in self.snake:\n", " return x, y\n", "\n", " def change_direction(self, event):\n", " \"\"\"处理键盘输入\"\"\"\n", " key = event.keysym\n", "\n", " direction_map = {\n", " \"Up\": \"Up\",\n", " \"Down\": \"Down\",\n", " \"Left\": \"Left\",\n", " \"Right\": \"Right\"\n", " }\n", "\n", " opposite_direction = {\n", " \"Up\": \"Down\",\n", " \"Down\": \"Up\",\n", " \"Left\": \"Right\",\n", " \"Right\": \"Left\"\n", " }\n", "\n", " # 按空格键暂停或继续\n", " if key == \"space\" and self.is_running:\n", " self.is_paused = not self.is_paused\n", "\n", " if self.is_paused:\n", " self.canvas.create_text(\n", " WINDOW_WIDTH // 2,\n", " WINDOW_HEIGHT // 2,\n", " text=\"游戏暂停\",\n", " fill=\"white\",\n", " font=(\"Microsoft YaHei\", 26, \"bold\"),\n", " tag=\"pause_text\"\n", " )\n", " else:\n", " self.canvas.delete(\"pause_text\")\n", "\n", " return\n", "\n", " # 游戏结束后按 Enter 重新开始\n", " if key == \"Return\" and not self.is_running:\n", " self.start_game()\n", " return\n", "\n", " # 处理方向键\n", " if key in direction_map:\n", " new_direction = direction_map[key]\n", "\n", " # 防止蛇直接反向移动\n", " if new_direction != opposite_direction[self.direction]:\n", " self.next_direction = new_direction\n", "\n", " def move_snake(self):\n", " \"\"\"计算蛇头的新位置\"\"\"\n", " head_x, head_y = self.snake[0]\n", "\n", " if self.direction == \"Up\":\n", " head_y -= CELL_SIZE\n", " elif self.direction == \"Down\":\n", " head_y += CELL_SIZE\n", " elif self.direction == \"Left\":\n", " head_x -= CELL_SIZE\n", " elif self.direction == \"Right\":\n", " head_x += CELL_SIZE\n", "\n", " return head_x, head_y\n", "\n", " def check_collision(self, new_head):\n", " \"\"\"判断是否撞墙或撞到自身\"\"\"\n", " head_x, head_y = new_head\n", "\n", " # 撞墙\n", " if (\n", " head_x < 0\n", " or head_x >= WINDOW_WIDTH\n", " or head_y < 0\n", " or head_y >= WINDOW_HEIGHT\n", " ):\n", " return True\n", "\n", " # 撞到自身\n", " if new_head in self.snake:\n", " return True\n", "\n", " return False\n", "\n", " def draw_game(self):\n", " \"\"\"绘制蛇和食物\"\"\"\n", " self.canvas.delete(\"snake\")\n", " self.canvas.delete(\"food\")\n", "\n", " # 绘制蛇\n", " for index, (x, y) in enumerate(self.snake):\n", " color = SNAKE_HEAD_COLOR if index == 0 else SNAKE_COLOR\n", "\n", " self.canvas.create_rectangle(\n", " x + 1,\n", " y + 1,\n", " x + CELL_SIZE - 1,\n", " y + CELL_SIZE - 1,\n", " fill=color,\n", " outline=\"white\",\n", " tag=\"snake\"\n", " )\n", "\n", " # 绘制食物\n", " food_x, food_y = self.food\n", "\n", " self.canvas.create_oval(\n", " food_x + 2,\n", " food_y + 2,\n", " food_x + CELL_SIZE - 2,\n", " food_y + CELL_SIZE - 2,\n", " fill=FOOD_COLOR,\n", " outline=\"white\",\n", " tag=\"food\"\n", " )\n", "\n", " def update_game(self):\n", " \"\"\"游戏主循环\"\"\"\n", " if not self.is_running:\n", " return\n", "\n", " if not self.is_paused:\n", " self.direction = self.next_direction\n", " new_head = self.move_snake()\n", "\n", " # 检查碰撞\n", " if self.check_collision(new_head):\n", " self.game_over()\n", " return\n", "\n", " # 将新蛇头加入身体\n", " self.snake.insert(0, new_head)\n", "\n", " # 判断是否吃到食物\n", " if new_head == self.food:\n", " self.score += 1\n", " self.score_label.config(text=f\"得分：{self.score}\")\n", " self.food = self.create_food()\n", " else:\n", " # 没吃到食物时删除蛇尾\n", " self.snake.pop()\n", "\n", " self.draw_game()\n", "\n", " self.timer_id = self.root.after(GAME_SPEED, self.update_game)\n", "\n", " def game_over(self):\n", " \"\"\"显示游戏结束信息\"\"\"\n", " self.is_running = False\n", " self.timer_id = None\n", "\n", " self.canvas.create_rectangle(\n", " 120,\n", " 130,\n", " WINDOW_WIDTH - 120,\n", " WINDOW_HEIGHT - 130,\n", " fill=\"black\",\n", " outline=\"white\",\n", " width=2\n", " )\n", "\n", " self.canvas.create_text(\n", " WINDOW_WIDTH // 2,\n", " WINDOW_HEIGHT // 2 - 35,\n", " text=\"游戏结束\",\n", " fill=\"red\",\n", " font=(\"Microsoft YaHei\", 28, \"bold\")\n", " )\n", "\n", " self.canvas.create_text(\n", " WINDOW_WIDTH // 2,\n", " WINDOW_HEIGHT // 2 + 5,\n", " text=f\"最终得分：{self.score}\",\n", " fill=\"white\",\n", " font=(\"Microsoft YaHei\", 18)\n", " )\n", "\n", " self.canvas.create_text(\n", " WINDOW_WIDTH // 2,\n", " WINDOW_HEIGHT // 2 + 40,\n", " text=\"按 Enter 键重新开始\",\n", " fill=\"yellow\",\n", " font=(\"Microsoft YaHei\", 14)\n", " )\n", "\n", "\n", "# =========================\n", "# 启动游戏\n", "# =========================\n", "root = tk.Tk()\n", "game = SnakeGame(root)\n", "root.mainloop()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "eee38261", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.8.8" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 5 }